Find Interview Questions for Upgrad

Right Answer:
Clustering in data analysis is the process of grouping similar data points together based on their characteristics, without prior labels. It is an unsupervised learning technique. In contrast, classification involves assigning predefined labels to data points based on their features, using a supervised learning approach.

Right Answer:
Data normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. It involves structuring the data into tables and defining relationships between them. Normalization is important because it helps eliminate duplicate data, ensures data consistency, and makes it easier to maintain and update the database.

Right Answer:
Correlation is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two variables fluctuate together, while causation implies that one variable directly affects or causes a change in another variable.

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SQL (Structured Query Language) is used in data analysis to query, manipulate, and manage data stored in relational databases. It allows analysts to retrieve specific data, perform calculations, filter results, and aggregate information to derive insights from large datasets.

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The purpose of feature engineering in data analysis is to create, modify, or select variables (features) that improve the performance of machine learning models by making the data more relevant and informative for the analysis.

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Fishbone analysis, also known as Ishikawa or cause-and-effect diagram, is a visual tool used to identify and organize potential causes of a problem. It helps teams analyze the root causes of issues by categorizing them into different branches, resembling the bones of a fish.

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Data sparsity refers to the condition where a dataset contains a high proportion of empty or zero values. It affects aggregation by making it difficult to derive meaningful insights, as the lack of data points can lead to inaccurate averages or totals, potentially skewing results and making it challenging to identify trends or patterns.

Right Answer:
Joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column, while scope relationships define how data is related within a single table or between tables in terms of hierarchy or context, often influencing data visibility and access.

Right Answer:
The hashed file stage in DataStage Server allows for fast access and retrieval of data using a hash key, enabling efficient lookups and joins. In contrast, the sequential file stage reads and writes data in a linear fashion, processing records one after another without indexing, making it slower for random access operations.

Right Answer:
Views in dimensional modeling serve as a way to simplify complex queries by presenting data in a more user-friendly format. They can encapsulate complex joins and aggregations, making it easier for users to access and analyze data without needing to understand the underlying database structure.

Right Answer:
Sales is the process of directly selling products or services to customers, while marketing involves creating awareness and interest in those products or services to attract potential customers.

Right Answer:
The most effective way to increase traffic to a website is through a combination of search engine optimization (SEO), quality content creation, social media marketing, and targeted advertising.

Right Answer:
I stay updated with new digital marketing trends by following industry blogs, subscribing to newsletters, attending webinars and conferences, participating in online forums, and engaging with thought leaders on social media platforms.

Right Answer:
Google AdWords, now known as Google Ads, is an online advertising platform where businesses can create ads to appear on Google's search results and other websites. Advertisers bid on keywords, and their ads are displayed to users searching for those terms, allowing them to reach potential customers effectively.

Right Answer:
A single vendor platform is an e-commerce site where one seller offers products, while a multivendor platform allows multiple sellers to sell their products on a single site.