Find Interview Questions for Dataart

Right Answer:
Agile ceremonies are recurring meetings within a sprint to facilitate communication, planning, and continuous improvement.

* **Sprint Planning:** The team decides what work to complete in the upcoming sprint. They discuss user stories, estimate effort, and define the sprint goal.

* **Daily Stand-up:** A brief daily meeting where the team shares progress, identifies roadblocks, and coordinates efforts. Each member typically answers: What did I do yesterday? What will I do today? Are there any impediments?

* **Sprint Review:** The team demonstrates the completed work to stakeholders, gathering feedback and ensuring alignment with expectations.

* **Sprint Retrospective:** The team reflects on the past sprint, identifying what went well, what could be improved, and defining action items to enhance future performance.

Right Answer:
To facilitate effective sprint retrospectives, I would:

1. **Set the Stage:** Create a safe and open environment where the team feels comfortable sharing.
2. **Gather Data:** Collect information about what went well, what didn't, and any challenges faced during the sprint.
3. **Generate Insights:** Facilitate a discussion to identify root causes and patterns.
4. **Decide on Actions:** Collaborate to define specific, actionable, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) improvements.
5. **Close the Retrospective:** Summarize action items and assign owners.
6. **Follow Up:** Track progress on action items in subsequent sprints to ensure continuous improvement.

Right Answer:
Scrum is an Agile framework for managing and completing complex projects.

Implementation involves:

1. **Roles:** Defining roles like Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team.
2. **Sprints:** Working in short, time-boxed iterations (Sprints), typically 2-4 weeks.
3. **Artifacts:** Using artifacts like Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment.
4. **Events:** Conducting events such as Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective.
5. **Continuous Improvement:** Regularly inspecting and adapting the process based on feedback.

Right Answer:
We prioritize features or tasks in an Agile sprint using a combination of factors like business value, risk, effort/size, dependencies, and urgency. Product Owner usually leads this, using techniques like MoSCoW (Must have, Should have, Could have, Won't have) or story pointing, to ensure the most valuable items are tackled first.

Right Answer:
During a sprint, I generally avoid scope creep. If a change request is small and doesn't impact the sprint goal, the team can discuss and decide if it can be included. If the change is significant, it goes into the product backlog to be prioritized for a future sprint.

Right Answer:
An API endpoint is a specific URL or URI where an API can be accessed by a client to perform operations like retrieving or sending data. It defines the location and method (such as GET, POST) for interacting with the API.

Right Answer:
API versioning is the practice of managing changes to an API by assigning version numbers to different iterations of the API. It is important because it allows developers to introduce new features or make changes without breaking existing client applications that rely on older versions, ensuring backward compatibility and a smoother transition for users.

Right Answer:
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write, and easy for machines to parse and generate. In APIs, JSON is commonly used to format data exchanged between a client and a server, allowing for structured data representation in requests and responses.

Right Answer:
OAuth is an open standard for access delegation commonly used for token-based authentication and authorization. It allows third-party applications to access a user's resources without sharing their credentials.

In API authentication, OAuth works by having the user authorize the application to access their data. The process involves:

1. The user is redirected to an authorization server to log in and grant permission.
2. The authorization server issues an access token to the application.
3. The application uses this access token to make API requests on behalf of the user.
4. The API validates the token and grants access to the requested resources.

Right Answer:
REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style that uses standard HTTP methods and is typically more lightweight and easier to use, while SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol that relies on XML for message format and has strict standards for security and transactions. REST is generally more flexible and faster, while SOAP is more suited for enterprise-level services requiring high security and reliability.

Right Answer:
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is the process of analyzing and summarizing datasets to understand their main characteristics, often using visual methods. It helps identify patterns, trends, and anomalies in the data before applying formal modeling techniques.

Right Answer:
Clustering in data analysis is the process of grouping similar data points together based on their characteristics, without prior labels. It is an unsupervised learning technique. In contrast, classification involves assigning predefined labels to data points based on their features, using a supervised learning approach.

Right Answer:
Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the main features of a dataset, using measures like mean, median, mode, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics use sample data to make predictions or inferences about a larger population, often employing techniques like hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.

Right Answer:
To handle missing data in a dataset, you can use the following methods:

1. **Remove Rows/Columns**: Delete rows or columns with missing values if they are not significant.
2. **Imputation**: Fill in missing values using techniques like mean, median, mode, or more advanced methods like KNN or regression.
3. **Flagging**: Create a new column to indicate missing values for analysis.
4. **Predictive Modeling**: Use algorithms to predict and fill in missing values based on other data.
5. **Leave as Is**: In some cases, you may choose to leave missing values if they are meaningful for analysis.

Right Answer:
The purpose of feature engineering in data analysis is to create, modify, or select variables (features) that improve the performance of machine learning models by making the data more relevant and informative for the analysis.

Right Answer:
To determine if tree B is a subtree of tree A, you can use the following approach:

1. Perform a pre-order traversal of tree A.
2. For each node in tree A, check if the subtree rooted at that node matches tree B using a helper function.
3. The helper function checks if two trees are identical.

Here is a sample implementation in Python:

```python
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right

def isSubtree(A: TreeNode, B: TreeNode) -> bool:
if not B:
return True
if not A:
return False
if isSameTree(A, B):
return True
return isSubtree(A.left, B) or isSubtree(A.right, B)

def isSameTree(s: TreeNode, t: TreeNode) -> bool